Archive for September 14th, 2008

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The Happy Saucer

September 14, 2008

This is an unfinished preliminary draft of a story start–unedited. It was written in the time it takes to drink enough Jack Daniels to get one loose, but not dizzy, and come down again. There are so many errors that I saw when I read it that I probably will never fix them.

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Dark red and blue spotlights shone down upon the table, a foamy latte looked sickly within such confines. Caleb was reclined into the soft 1950s’ vintage couch, a toothpick wiggled around his lips that were framed by days of unwashed gristly beard growth. Jahan leaned forward, anticipating something he wanted to say, but was unsure quite what. A svelte, fashion slave of a beauty floated by, her shiny metallic hiphuggers and pink petty coat left a trail of residual temptation dangling behind her. Caleb thought he remembered her name, but would have to contemplate just what it was, Jahan knew right away. He followed her intermittently throughout every night, but had never spoken to her, besides the “how-Do’s, and the “oh, yeah?”s. Her name was Veronica, she had come from Iowa a year ago (almost to the day), and had found The Happy Saucer on her third night in town, and had seemingly been here since.

Caleb lit a Djarum slowly and carefully, looking down at the process with nonchalant interest, his Ronson lighter swirling around it’s ignited victim. A waft of thick smoke acrobatically plunged from his half open mouth, his placebo toothpick rested on a stained and crumpled napkin, and Jahan watched it roll onto the table and towards Caleb latte, which was lifted milliseconds before the toothpick found it as a stopping point, it fell from sight, to somewhere on the paisley carpet.

Caleb lifting his latte up “I noticed you can’t help but stare at that chick”

Jahan broke from his dazed fantasy of finally sitting and talking to her “who?”

“The hottie with the stainless steel ass”

“Oh, Veronica?”

Caleb chuckled “oh, Veronica, is it?”

“Yeah…” Jahan knew his silent infatuation was now not so silent.

“Well, why don’t you go on and talk to her?”

Jahan felt a lump, that, by this time was all too familiar, it was the lump he always felt when realizing that he’d never get up the gall to fulfill his self inflicted need. “Yeah, right…. it’s not anything, she’s just beautiful, no big thing.”

“Whatever…” Caleb saw the blush through the bad lighting

“…you’re totally into her. This isn’t the first time I’ve seen you look at her, I mean, granted, I look at her too, but usually after your eyes point the way. Just go up to her.”

Jahan felt uncomfortable talking about it, it had become too personal of a desire to let loose in conversation, especially when he hasn’t had the time to articulate his own feelings into words instead of just visual fantasy and conceptual, irrational musings of the funny possibilities of chance.

“Egh, she’ll be around if I feel like doing anything about it.”

Caleb nodded slightly, smirked, and took a drag of the sweet clove. Jahan glanced over to Veronica, felt a slight chill of fate, whether it was fate not to be together, or to be together, he felt the chill, and looked back down to the coffee table, lifted his tea, and turned his attention to the techno music that was half drown out by the forty or so people conversing softly, laughing, and the clinking and slurping that cried out the ambiance of The Saucer.

Kestlë stirred the last bits of cinnamon into Veronicas’ coffee, wiped her hands, then the rim of the cup, and handed it to her. They exchanged a silly face, and a polite thank you and you’re welcome in an exaggerated (and quite bad) Chinese accent. Kestlë turned, and went about her business, a little happier after Veronicas’ silliness, but a slightly more contemplative front was moving into her consciousness, she started thinking about what Veronica did for a living, but she couldn’t work all that much, considering that when she wasn’t here, she would shop, or be recreating in some way. She knew Veronica slept late, and went to bed in the early morning, but she had tons of money. Kestlë chose not to think about it anymore, too often her mind went in tangents that led her too far astray from reality, and she knew it.

Veronica glided back to her empty table, settled down into the green Bauhaus chair, and took a New Yorker from her faux fur tote bag, opened it to a random page and engrossed herself into the annoying glossy page. The scent of the Djarum permeated the artificially chilled air, and brought smoking to the back of her mind, where it repeatedly attempted to coerce her into supporting American tobacco workers. She bent down, still reading her story, and lifted a pack of Dunhill blues from her furry bag, flipped the cardboard top up with one finger, and added another to slide one of the cancer sticks from its fresh, pungent box. She tossed the pack back into her bag, and, in the same motion found a small box of blue tipped kitchen matches. She pulled one out, struck it against the gritty box stripe, and delicately touched it against the exposed dry tobacco for just long enough.  Jahan covertly glanced over, and decided to be in love.

Caleb sat up, glanced at his Superman watch, sighed, and sat back again. Through the brass framed doors came Jenna, her ragged bell bottomed jeans, tight black tube top, (that had the word “Formaldehyde” emblazoned across it, in bold white letters), and her five inch high platform bowling shoes, just yelled “class”. She puckered her lips as much as she could, and headed straight for Caleb and Jahan, plunked down in a red velvet E-Z Boy, and burped.

“So, how’s it goin’, what are ya up to?” she smacked her gum while she talked, with a coy smile always hanging around.

Jahan fielded the questions “nothing, the usual…”

“Ahhhh, well, what about later? What are you guys doing?”

Caleb chuckled “more of the same, I guess”

She slapped her open hands against her not so new jeans “well, Chezney, you remember her, right? Well, she’s having some people over…. she has the most killer pot, and I think a bit of coke…so how about it?”

Jahan glanced over towards Veronica, who was still just reading away and puffing on her Dunhill.
“Yeah, sure, why the hell not.”

Chezney’ s Apartment was nestled in a quaint complex, a Spanish gate led into a courtyard overflowing with finely pruned bushes, flower patches, trees, unknown thingies with weird buds or something, and a cross between a roman fountain and a birdbath. A cobblestone walkway led further and further back into the dense foliage, finally a wall emerged from the myriad of branches and other green stuff, and stairs wound up to a solid looking door, with one of those little peek-a-boo hatches at eye level. Caleb, Jahan, and Jenna bounced up the stairs, stopped at the threshold. Jenna whipped on some more dark red lipstick while Jahan messed up his hair to the specified chaos. Caleb loosely knocked on the door, the little hatch thing flung open, and a perfect eye peeked out.

Jahan and Caleb didn’t see the crowd hunkered down around a messed up coffee table at first. They were too busy gawking at Chezney, and her long, perfectly shaped body. They hadn’t remembered her, but would be asking about her a lot now. Swarms of people were sitting around the coffee table as if it were some sort of life giving orb. It may have been to some of them, considering the mound of coke and the mungo baggie of bright green puffy pot. There wasn’t much of a threat of these guys being mistaken for cops, and Caleb and Jahan felt at home, and Jenna more so.

“You guys want something to drink?” They looked at each other puzzled at first, wondering how often Jenna came here, they thought she was at The Saucer every minute she wasn’t sleeping, watching TV, or sleeping.

“I’ll have some water” Jahan didn’t want to cause too much of a fuss.

“Any coffee?” Caleb knew what he wanted, and didn’t care if someone had to slave for him. Hey, they ask to get something, he figured, ‘shit, get me what I want.’

“Uh, yeah, sure, I’ll make some.” Jenna didn’t really mind, although her tone may have inferred it, she had had a thing for Caleb ever since he held her hair back while she yacked into the can (back when her hair was longer than his, which was at least a couple years ago, a lot of brain cells under the pipe had passed).

“Thanks” The two, said it instinctually.

Chezney, who was now sitting down in the silent circle of constant consumption, said something with her smoke ridden exhale, it wasn’t exactly intelligible, but they figured it meant something like “do you want a hit?” by the way she was extending the two foot long green polycarbon bong towards them.

“Yeah, sure” Caleb said hurriedly, if not a bit nervously while taking the pipe and taking an offered lighter from Jahan. He swiped the flame across the charred bud, ripped the air out of the pipe until it was almost a vacuum, pulled the slide out with practiced skill, and instantaneously absorbed the liter and a half of yellow smoke. A couple of the table dwellers nodded, appreciating the feat with great respect. Caleb handed the pot cannon to Jahan who followed Caleb’s magnificence with a puttering, slow, hic-coughing attempt. He tried too hard to get “the big one”, he knew his limits, but chose to ignore it every first hit he took, especially in the company of strangers.

The Pot hit quickly, and Caleb felt good about coming, but a slight paranoia crept in and made him itch for more comfortable surroundings. Jahan buried his face into a mirror strewn with messy, finely powdered coke, stuffing a tightly rolled ten-dollar bill up his right nostril and snorting a three-inch path clear. Chezney took the bill, doing the same, then Jenna, then some guy named Carlos. Caleb edged his way over to the action, hoping it would alleviate his stoniness enough to feel comfortable.

The entire room was chitchatting about inane things, looking like a crowd at the intermission of a hilarious Broadway play, just substitute the sideburns and hiphuggers for Manicures and “business casual”. Jahan felt like pouncing on Veronica, every time he looked at Chezney, it made him long for a lay, he mulled over taking off and going in alone, but he felt that there were powers (and security) in numbers.

“Anybody up for some coffee…maybe something to eat?” he scanned peoples expressions, which he found to be accepting of the proposition.

“I’m heading to The Saucer if anybody wants to go…”

“Yeah, I’ll go with you” Jenna wanted to have someone else get the coffee for a change, Caleb had her get three so far.

“Okay…” Chezney clapped her hands, and did her best at an SNL impression “goin’ for coffee, the coffee man, mister coffee, alright, coooffeee, the cafienator.” It was excusable, she was a stranger, she’s on coke, and her lungs probably still had a liter of pot smoke in them. Besides all that, she’s a hottie.

The Saucer was pretty well packed for Wednesday night at one, but there was a sitting area for six open (that was one of the smaller areas, the furniture mostly being comprised of old couches and love seats from the fifties, and a few newer ones that had Bauhaus elements to them). Kestlë came over as soon as she was done frothing a cappuccino for that old spooky guy who was always there alone, tapping away at his laptop, mumbling about something, Kestlë swore he mumbled about conspiracies, and said she even once saw that he was writing about an Alien committee that ruled earth like fate.

“So, what can I get you guys?” Jenna and her did the little cute girlfriend wave, and both smiled mouthing “hi”.

“A la…” Kestlë quickly interrupted Caleb’s order

“I knnnow what YOU want.” She poked him with her Bic rollerball, right in his armpit as he stretched, trying to coax more oxygen into his bleary frontal lobe.

Jahan ordered a latté too, and Jenna, and Chezney, they chuckled a little more each time someone ordered one, Chezney probably ordered one for the hat trick of laughs. Kestlë wandered off to another table, snickering at the silliness erupting at the table. She had to know how messed up the whole group was, she herself was probably going to take a few tokes before bed (just to get to sleep, you see).

Veronica sat four tables down, chatting with some other girl, a brunette with a bleached streak through her hair and a nose ring. Jahan glanced over, but quickly turned his attention back to the table.

“You see that monkey in Japan that held the kitten hostage?”

Caleb Started laughing hysterically, he was there when Jahan had seen it on Hard Copy.

“Whaaaat?” Jenna slapped the table “Nooo way! Get out!”

Chezney gave a somewhat stupefied look “Are you serious? A monkey? What for?”

“I don’t know, I guess the police were chasing it down, and the thing just grabbed a kitty and made out like it meant business” He kept his dignified, conversational tone while Caleb rolled back into the couch, gently pushing into Jenna.

“What, had the Monkey been watching COPS?” Chezney followed Jahan’s lead and tried to make it a good segway into the nights topic line.

“Must have, the cops backed off and the monkey got away…unbelievable, but true”

“You should have seen it, the monkey had the kitty like this…” Caleb made out like he was holding a cat up to his mouth “…and he gave a look” he imitated a mad monkey face, which looked like a nerd squinting to see small writing on a chalkboard.

“It’s so surprising the similarities between primates, I mean, it actually knew that the humans valued the cat enough to stop chasing him” Chezney peeked Jahan’s attention.

“yeah, and the way it just held it toward its mouth showed the threat”
“amazing…did you know that bonobos screw as much as one hundred times a day?” Jenna tried to lighten the conversation, Everyone laughed.

“Now, there’s my kind of woman” Caleb raised his eyebrows.

“You were all done after two times sweetie” Jenna pinned him with a past reference out of the blue. He blushed a bit.

“Well, I was drunk, it took twice to sober up, when I realized it was you…” Jenna slapped him on the shoulder and stuck out her tongue in a tease.

“Fuck you, funny boy, you were the one begging me”

Chezney and Jahan looked at each other and shrugged, smiling. Kestlë came over with the lattés
“anything else, and I’ll be on my ass finally, so don’t bug me” she slapped her ass as she strutted away. The group got quiet as they adjusted and primped their new conversational props. They intermittently sighed and chuckled while sipping.Caleb slowly looked at Jenna.

“Jenna…” he sipped a hot tiny lip wetter “what’s Kestlë’s deal?”

Jenna cocked her head towards him and crumpled her brow. “Whatever do you mean?” semi-sarcastically, trying to make it sound as if he were about to ask if she were married.

“No, nah, not like that…” He gave a pffft “…I mean, who does she hang out with, she’s always working”

“Ohhh…I think she goes to school, I mean, I know she goes to school, I just don’t for what…why?”

He shrugged and lit a Djarum. “She just seems pretty cool, a little distant, like she almost has a veil between her and the world, but I just always wondered what she did besides serve schleps like us our little lattés and cookies.”

They all nodded, except Chezney, who laughed “Wow, you seem to have thought that out.”
Jahan smiled  “He doesn’t have to think things out, he just sounds smart, but he’s really a quote making machine, bent on making new clichés.”

Chezney snickered “automated cliché generation, what will we think of next…”

“gastro-intestinal overload valves?” Jenna had to shit, but never did in public, or rather, in public facilities, no matter the urgency, she could squeeze her buns together, almost creating a nuclear reaction in the process. Caleb had noticed it once, and thought she had been working out.

“Ewwww…” Chezney made a disgusted face, then smirked “I could use one of those sometimes” She decided not to be too disgusted, knowing that these people held no pretensions in making conversation.

“Caleb could use a butt plug” Jahan opened his mouth, letting his tongue out a bit, knowing it was a good, clean poke. Jenna and Chezney laughed, while Caleb held his arms up as if celebrating his flatulence.

Veronica swept by, followed closely by Kjoren, a Norwegian who came over a few years ago to work at a ski factory as a designer. He drove around in a BMW M3, and Caleb and Jahan always made fun of him, both being jealous. Veronica glanced at Jahan as she whooshed by, giving a faint, almost sad smile of acknowledgement. Jahan didn’t see The Viking Boy (as they called him) at first, feeling a tingle of joy, that, when he realized she was going to get doinked by Kjoren, led to a shower of numbness and depression.

Caleb could see the change in Jahan’s expression, however small it was, and knew he had to quickly cover the growing odor of disappointment.

“So, Chezney, Jenna told me you work in porn, how is that?” Even Jahan couldn’t help but laugh at that one.

“Ohh, you know…” She acted as if it were true “I love my work, and the sex, well, the sex is great.”

“So, you do bestiality, right?” Jahan took his mind off Veronicas perceived adultery off his mind for the time being.

“Of course… that’s where the money is”

They bantered about the various hard core scenes they had seen in porno flicks, and laughed and cajoled.

Veronica got out of the BMW, bent down, and said “good night and thanks for the ride” to Kjoren, glad she didn’t have to walk home from the Saucer this late.

“Coul me?” Kjoren’s accent was thick and had just gotten to the point where people understood most everything he said, but there were still words he didn’t say a lot that were all together unintelligible.

“yeah…sure” She didn’t really mean it, she just had to be polite, even if he were a bum with a bottle in a bag, she might have said the same thing.

“You ave my nuembre, riot?” He bent down in the drivers seat, peering up at her.

“yeah, yeah, I think I do” She knew she didn’t, and had never gotten it, but he had called her once, so she figured she could get away with saying it.

“goud, thin coul me”

“Alright…Good night” She closed the door, turned around, walked two steps, turned slightly and gave a flick of a wave, and entered her Building’s entrance while Viking Boy drove away, over-accelerating to show off his macho car.

They all were getting a little weary as the coke was wearing off, Chezney whipped out a little bullet (which was a small, stout vile screwed onto a  valve made out of plastic that gave a small, measured snort with a turn of a lever) and passed it around. There was no chance of being noticed with the lighting the way it was. Everyone took a couple blasts, not even thinking twice about bed or home.

“Thanks, babe” Caleb held up his arm for Kestlë to come over. She strolled over with order pad in hand.

“What can I get ‘cha?”

“Some water?” Caleb sniffed a couple times

“Sure, is that it?”

Everyone looked at each other. Jenna nodded.

“Another Latté?”

“sure thing, any more, before I ignore you?”

They all decided to have another latté. A few moments later she came back with the water, and went back to do up the lattés. Caleb dipped his finger in the water, held it close to his right nostril, and sucked the refreshing cold water over the itchy tissues. He handed the glass to Jahan, who did the same. The girls looked on in half disgust, half envy of what they were doing, not allowing themselves to do the same.

Chezney got up to go to the bathroom, gave Jenna a brow-up look to come with and said “come with?”

Jenna got up without question (women’s unspoken code of honor or something) Jahan and Caleb stayed silent until the girls were a few safe feet away.

“I wanna do her.” Caleb overemphasized the “wanna” falling back in the couch.

“She is hot man, she isss hot.”

“Did you see her ass as she walked away? Did you see that?”

“The way it mouthed “I wanna screw Jahan?”

“Yeah? I thought it said “I want Jahan to screw off so I can get some from Caleb”” Caleb imitated an ass talking by squeezing his cheeks with both hands. Both of them laughed until Kestlë came up and slapped Caleb on the noggin.

“You guys want the bill?” She fluttered the multi-colored scrap of paper in Jahan’s face.

“We have to PAY for service like THIS?” Jahan snatched the paper from Kestlë’s loose grip, took at look at the numbers and reached in his pocket for the wad of twenties.

“Nice wad… what’re you doin’ later?” Kestlë bite her tongue and raised her eyebrows smiling.

Jahan nodded and gave a quiet chuckle. He felt a little uneasy with so much money always around, he never got used to it, even though he had been dealing pot for a few years. He didn’t bother with eighths and quarters, only QP’s and Pounds. He stumbled into controlled substance brokerage (as he liked to call it), his older brother had been growing the shit in his basement, and needed to sell about ten pounds, so Jahan hooked him and his friends up, next thing he knew he had thousands upon thousands of dollars. Only a couple people knew that he dealt, Caleb, his brother, Micah (Ponce de Crayon was his nick name, or just crayon, he was colorful, but simple minded) He was an old friend that lived in western Massachusetts, dealt the shit to the young bohems, and Jenna, who knew, but didn’t buy any (she didn’t have to, Jenna got free pot just for being around).

Jahan handed Kestlë forty bucks and she meandered off, going table to table giving out checks, slapping people, laughing and collecting dough. She Made enough working here, about fifteen dollars an hour on average, which allowed her to drive a nice used Jeep, live in a decent one bedroom, and buy cool enough threads, which, to her, was a version of happiness.

Chezney and Jenna came back looking like friendly, familiar cats who just munched a friendly, familiar parakeet.

“Let’s go boys…you get the check yet?” Jenna still had a devilish grin lurking behind her façade of “oh, nothings up”

“Yeah, we got it” Jahan tried to peer into Jenna’s eye’s to see something in her thoughts.

“Whhhhat!?” She got defensive about that look…THAT look.

Jahan shook his head “Let’s boot”

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The Clock glowed 2:53 while Caleb started up the ’79 Volvo 240. Jenna snagged the front seat before Jahan got anywhere close, when she got in she turned back and smiled at Chezney as she was sitting down into the paper strewn backseat. Jahan slipped in, bumping his knee into the front seat, which was pushed all the way back, just how Jahan liked it.  Caleb checked the rear mirror as he snapped the car into reverse, catching Chezney leaning over and whispering in Jahan’s ear.
“Where are you sleeping tonight?”

Jahan had to catch his breath, caught completely off guard. He looked her in the eyes, and spoke softly “What about your apartment?” She grabbed his upper arm and squeezed, her breath warming his cheek.

They didn’t say another thing until Caleb and Jenna were driving away from the Spanish gate.

“So, How was she?” Caleb hadn’t been sitting for more than three or four seconds, he was still adjusting his butt into the couch. Jahan just smiled, shook his head like saying “you wouldn’t believe it” but he coyly said “I don’t fuck and tell”
“yeah, right, you’re so full of shit” Caleb was disappointed that he was hearing about asses wagging in the air, but he didn’t really expect to get the skinny.

“You did Jenna last night, didn’t you?” Jahan turned the tables

“Why would you think that?”

“You always do her when you guys are alone”

“You tell me about Chezney, I’ll tell you about Jenna’s new jewelry”

“Noooo way!”

“yeah way”

“when?”

“A month ago”

“what’s it like?”

“neat”

“Ohhh man………..that’s so funny”

Kestlë came up with two lattés, her order book in her arm pit. “Here you go” she carefully clicked the saucers onto the burlwood table, took a cloth and wiped around the sides to make sure that they were completely dry on the outside.

“We don’t have to order anymore?” Jahan was looking at Caleb, but it was meant to be an open comment.

“Well, if you guys want something else, I can charge you for these and bring them back” she bumped her butt against the couch as a silly insult, making a fart sound as she left.

“she’s a freak man” Caleb shifted his cup closer to the edge of the table, ready to get comfortable for the next few hours of sedentary social meditation. Jahan sat forward, held his elbows on his knees and opened his hands outstretched slightly.

“You know, last night was odd as hell, I never expected in a million years that that would happen… she just asked me outright “wanna fuck?”, I mean, what do you do? Well, I know what to do, but, I mean, how the fuck does shit like that happen? She must be a slut or something…I swear”

“when did you guys start getting along so well?”

Jahan searched an imaginary hat bill with his eyes, pfffting.

“I don’t know, we barely even said anything the whole night, probably nothing directed at one another. I think in the car was the first time she actually even said anything to me, which was the “wanna fuck” thing. Did Jenna say anything to you about it, ‘cause I’m lost in this whole thing, I mean, who just meets someone and doinks them? Besides me.”

Caleb held his hand over his mouth and laughed at Jahan’s realization that it takes two.
“no man, she didn’t say anything, she just said that Chezney thought you were funny is all, I don’t know, ask her what happened, I don’t listen to much Jenna says, except the “now, now, NOW!”

He makes the nows sound high pitched and short breathed

“See” Jahan raised his eyebrows in an “I told you so gesture”

“Yeah, well, she loves my thing…so, what’s the deal with you and Chezney? Are you guys hooked up, ooooor?”

“I have NO idea” He shrugged and paused, sipping a little and reaching into his front pocket for a smoke. Caleb did the same.

“Hey, there’s a new movie at the Wilton town theatre, an indie thing”

“Which one?” Jahan knew that most movies at the Wilton town theatre were pretty good, the theatre couldn’t ever afford to get Hollywood stuff, so it took the high road and got independent films from Europe and New York.

“I forget the name, something like Le Blahblah de Blah”

“Le Chein des Chiniose?” Jahan almost sounded like he knew what he was talking about, but Caleb could just feel the sarcasm.

“No, Maybe it was Le Chein Des Your Ass”

“Cool, what time does it start?” Jahan looked at his watch, saw that it was barely four.

“Ten” Caleb took a huge gulp of coffee “I have to call Jenna, I’ll be right back” He got up and headed for the back, where there was an old British Telephone booth.

Jahan Collapsed in the couch, laying on his side. He closed his eyes and let the borderline too cold artificially cooled air penetrate his skin, it felt like his childhood bed for a moment, the drafty pre-revolution boards letting the Canadian coldfront air have its’ way. He could smell the candle he had keep by his bed, and the faint pine of the time hardened beams. Veronica sauntered by, a soft attaché case slung over her shoulder, and a rolled up glossy magazine in her hand. She came across the red leather Hepplewhite smoking chair that sat under a tall brass and stained glass reading light, placed her attaché on the small table that finished The single, separated setting. She pulled a thin laptop from her attaché, powered it up and sat quietly waiting for Kestlë to come over. Caleb slowly shuffled his way back to the table, waving hi to some chick he recognized from some party or another. She smiled and waved back, half excited by knowing someone when her friend (who she was sitting with, in the midst of gabbing) didn’t. She had to be about seventeen, maybe eighteen, but the way she was dressed made her look mid-twenties, a long loose fall colored dress led up to a tailored suit vest type thing, all matching like butter. Her friend glared at him like he was interrupting a cabinet meeting during a nuclear stand-off. He half jumped into the couch, and bopped his head, apparently with nothing to say. Jahan sat up quickly, feeling as though he were caught sleeping on the job.

“getting’ some rest, huh?”

“uh, yeah, well, I feel like a tractor trailer went up my nose and skidded on my brain”

“I felt that way this morning, but Jenna had some more, so it went away”

“what were you calling her about, anyway?”

“Just seeing if she needed anything”

Jahan was more than a bit confused, perplexed, really, even mystified.
“What the fuck happened to Caleb, ‘cause he was here a minute ago, I was talking to him…” He pointed towards the phone booth “…he went back there, but, I don’t think he ever came back. What the fuck is up with that?”

Caleb shook his head laughing “Fuck you man, fuuck you”

“No, no, no, no, no…fuck you and your…” Jahan started a mocking tone “…”I don’t listen to a word she says”” He laughed heavily and pointed at Caleb “She got you, she did, what’d she say? What the hell did she con you into? She trapped you into saying something didn’t she? Ahhh, she’s a clever girl, she is, but I never knew HOW clever…until now.”

“You’re right, whatever….whatever you say” Caleb tried to kill the subject by pooh-poohing it, but Jahan had heard too many times things like “Dude, what? You think I give a shit about her?” and “She’s just a lay” not omitting “I never would call her, she calls me” Jahan knew it was the Big Lie now, he was the orator of truth.

“You are such a dick, are you just doing this for a constant lay, orrrr, are you falling from the good graces of other women, and playing it safe?”

“Hey…she’s cool, why are you dissing it?” Caleb got a wee bit defensive about it, knowing that Jahan was right that he had always dealt with Jenna on a very selfish level, but feeling that he could do a one-eighty if the need suited him, which, with no other women at his beckon call, this was that time.

“I’m just giving you flak for being such a dick to her”

“We never had any sort of commitment, we could do anything we wanted, I wasn’t being a dick.”
“Oh, what about the time you told her you that she was this and that to you, and you’d never hurt her, and then the next day you stood her up and did her friend there, what was her name?”

“How the fuck did you know about that? That was like three years ago”

“I don’t know, the guy writing thought  did, but I actually don’t know anything about it, and oh yeah, her name was…” dramatic pause “Stephanie?”

“Yeah, yeah, but that’s so old, we were, what? Like nineteen? And you never did that shit to get laid? Like…” mocking Jahan’s last comment “…Gretchen?”

Jahan gave up, Caleb had dug up the one-two punch with perfect timing. Gretchen was this chick that he had totally pursued for three months, ignoring everybody else, Every party, every chance, he was on her like road kill on pavement. He spoke nothing but Gretchen propaganda, even made sure his answering machine was Gretchen friendly, with a little ditty on it, just in case she called.

They finally went out, Jahan got his weenie wet, and never called her again. Everybody knew, everybody heard the story, it became the Jahan story amongst the group, and THE Story behind the closed doors of Gretchen’s bedroom door for the next two months. It was a villainous, slimy, putrid thing to do. He didn’t mean to do it, just as Caleb hadn’t ever meant to hurt Jenna, or any man hadn’t wanted to hurt any woman, but it just happened that way. Men find themselves in awkward, unbalanced, illogically situations at times when it comes to sex. In the animalistic view, men are probably much like other primate males, become the go to guy, fight off competition, and always look for more genetic pools to dive into, but “civilized” people don’t believe in that, although they practice it. So Caleb and Jahan are really the victims (I see you crying for them, oh, I do…you’re crying on the inside). Anyway, Jahan felt a sting of guilt, he knew he fucked up, but, at the time he wasn’t thinking about it, he was much more interested in who he was, what his wants were (which were always combating, juxtaposed wants, some of which seemed like needs for bits of time, only to end up as fancies not worthy of contemplation, Gretchen).

“Isn’t that Erin?” Jahan switched subjects with relative ease.

“Is that her name? She was at that party we had for Micah, right?”

“yeah, she slept with him, I think, at least that’s what Micah said”

“No, Micah said he did that chick from the grocery store…” Caleb searched for the right name “Lara… Dara…Tara…”

“Sarah?” Jahan saved Caleb from overheating his frontal lobe

“That’s a strange name” he shook his head at the absurd things people call themselves

“Must have been hippie parents”

“yeah”

“Who’s her little friend?”

Caleb looked back, and turned around with disinterest “I don’t know but she gave me the evil eye a minute ago, she was all…” He made a bitch face, raising his upper lip, letting his lower just hang, and crossing his eyes a little.

“She must know you then”

“funny”

“have you eaten?” Jahan sounded as though he were inviting Caleb to dinner

“Nah, I’m not really hungry”

“I take it you haven’t had anything today, huh?”

“Well, I should, did you want to order something?”

“I don’t know if anything here is what I want…”

“What do you want” Caleb extended the do to make it sound philosophical, itching for something deeper to evolve from long lazy times at a coffee shop in east butt fuck. He was like that with a lot of things, just waiting for it to become more, rather then either making it more, or realizing that it was what it was. He came across like a wayward Buddhist, indulgent with a softness of spirituality, atheistic, yet moral (relative to the surrounding world of the twentieth century, where cash siphoning organized religions and PAC loving politicians are near the top of the moral standard)

“I want a big, steamy, salty, soft pretzel, like that one at J.F.K. that I had, man that was so fucking good.”

“I didn’t have one of those, why the hell didn’t you tell me about that?”

“You were off getting that grease ridden pizza for one”

“bastard, I spent ten minutes on the can because of that damn piece of crap”

“I know, I could smell it…why do you think that cute chick didn’t want to talk to you after that”

“no way…aw man, I always wondered about that…one minute we’re exploring each others eyes, then, bam, she just kind of was….was…all shy”

“she was disgusted, not shy”

“That sucks”

“yeah, you made an ass out of yourself”

Caleb refused to even laugh at that one, a flash of past embarrassments swarmed his consciousness. A few years ago (when everything seemed assured in the world, where who you hung out with could be assumed to be allies, the acknowledged  mysteries of life and death could be summarized in less than three hundred words, when immortality was a right somewhere in the constitution, and love was two dates and twenty minutes of sex) he had taken acid, it wasn’t the first time, but definitely the last.

He took the dose at about nine at night, everyone (the group of twelve that always hung out) had decided to go to a place in the woods where there was an old fire pit. It was a mile or so away from a relatively new development of houses that had sprung up during the 1980’s when most of the town was employed by government contractors. A small dirt road extended from the development, and meandered down a  hillside to a remnant of old New Hampshire, a bow hunting practice area. It was as primitive as it sounds, a few Adirondack style shelters, a small sign made out of burlwood that simply said Watannic (which must have been an Abanakki word for something relating to either hunting or maybe immediate area) Bowman (which, of course, meant what it said). There was an absurdly large uneven dirt parking lot, which bore the scars of thirty years of peel outs and donuts from the local teen (and drunk) population.

They left their cars there, and filed down a trail no wider than five feet. At night, the going was slow, the over hanging pine, oak and birch limbs absorbed most of the moonlight, and the rest shifted quietly on the forest floor, playing constant tricks on the eyes that focused so intently on the small dirt snaking trail. The short drive to the parking lot from the meeting place (which was a light pole at the local shopping plaza, not too classy, but easy and efficient) was enough to bring on the first bits of the acid, which would hit with full force in about another hour. No one used a flashlight anymore, the path and them had a certain relationship, built over four years of weekly run-ins, and Caleb had no problem seeing in the dark with his pupils expanding to overshadow his irises, leaving a small ring of sky blue.  The walk through the woods was always done as quietly as possible, maybe a lingering genetic reaction to the woods, no matter how devoid of predators. Everyone held the rogue branches that attempted to block them back for the next person, and waited at the other side of fallen trees to warn each other. It had become a ritualistic exercise in cohesiveness, a little like the blind fall backwards into a groups ready arms. Bullfrogs bleated their calls, and echoing rustles of squirrels and awakened birds scurried through the damp cool New England air.

Jahan was behind him, also beginning to feel a need to giggle senselessly with the clean chemical accumulating in his blood. The trail branched off four ways in the span of fifty feet, but the group stayed true to their destination. The trail exploded into a vast open area, which was about one hundred feet across, and ten times that long, pouring down a hill to a three acre pond, with a pretentiously loud brook, which was all of nine feet across, yet bellowing like a spring river. The fire pit was close to the edge of the woods, a natural amphitheater curved around it about one hundred and fifty degrees, reaching up a total of twenty feet in a semi-steep incline. A few small shrubs sat in attendance, along with gravel and sparse wild grass. At the bottom of the slope were a few large rocks, painstakingly rolled into place as seating, a wide stout cross section of a tree, fairly smooth from the thrice weekly asses polishing it, and a stack of logs and kindling built upon every time they came down, gathering more than they used, insuring that one day, they could build ten night long fires, and never run out. On the other side of the pit was a fifteen foot log, old and dried, branchless and barkless, the best seat in the house. Everyone started half stumbling around the area for kindling and dried branches, Caleb ended up back in the pitch black woods, picking up tiny sticks and leaves as the group got further and further away.

Blue and red geometric shapes started to hover around the air, and a cold chill shot up his back, dissipating with a prolonged tingle in his scalp. A gentle hum became noticeable, the trip had begun. He knew he could hear people chatting and a fire starting to crackle, but the sounds bounced around the trees, the crickets tried to over power the beacon of safety, and the confusing darkness challenged his curiosity.

The cracks of bio-mass under his feet frightened him as if the sounds weren’t a result of his existence, but rather his primitive stalking predators, too close to ignore, yet still hidden in the bleak darkness that ensured humans would never be a nocturnal bunch. Caleb would assure himself that everything was okay, rational thought was still possible, as he moved on, fumbling on for fodder, stopping every few moments to listen to an animals scurrying, or his own heart thump with the rush of psychosomatic adrenaline. He stopped, felt for a good place on the ground to find solace, and crouched taut, for hours. The rest of the night was a blur, he knew they had found him at one point, and he could barely communicate, but mostly he remembered the coldness the terror of interaction caused him. He remembered he had wandered off after they had left him alone, and found his way to the parking lot, then the road, and another, and another, the whole time darting into the woods every time a cars lights came blazing through the stillness, then continuing on after a random amount of time.

He made it home, hours later, relieved to have made it without getting on the news during a rescue attempt or arrest. The relief of laying in the bed that bore his own scent flowed like Valium through his muscles, the paranoia and rushing thought, combined with ten miles of walking had drained him of fear for the time being, the weightlessness of coming down had set in.

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A Roman’s Day.

September 14, 2008

The light was getting brighter, and the mattress was getting a little less comfortable. That same spot in the mattress always seemed to bulge, leaving the hard wood underneath to pain his shoulder. It was a great bed, better than most he had seen, the shell inlay and the linen damask mattress were certainly great buys. Sure, he’d heard of beds with gold and ivory adorning them, and had seen one being made in a carpenter shop, but it couldn’t make the darn mattress any more comfortable.

The bustle back and forth from the cucina to the triclinium was now getting hard to ignore. The slaves, no matter how quiet they tried to be, still couldn’t keep the various scrapes and shifts of their sandals from amplifying as they walked through the atrium, echoing into his cubiculum. Such a large home he lived in now, thanks to his efforts in being a good client, with good lead pipes (although not as wide as he would have liked to be able to afford), and more space than three of his family’s old apartment in the old insula. Maybe investing in those sandals for the slaves wasn’t such a good idea after all, the caligae never made such a racket, but they were decent slaves, and a delicious ientaculum on time every dawn was a decent return for putting up with such a scuffling bunch . It was dawn anyway, and there is a lot to do today.

After pulling on his tunica, and splashing his face with almost a whole sextarius of tepid water from the terra sigillata jug he kept in the cubiculum, he was startled by his Galli woman slave carrying in his toga virilis, heavy in her arms, and still slightly brightened from the chalk. The chalk, what a horrible reminder of the failed candidacy for concilium plebis. He had loved the smell of the chalk, and excited by the people that would stop him in the street to ask him about who he was client to, and what he could do, once elected, to increase the food rations. It made him feel important, and dashing, but now it just made the toga a dull reminder of failed glory. He wanted a new toga, and an image of himself donning a toga angusticlavia flashed into his fantasy laden mind before the reality of another toga virilis settled heavily in. She wrapped his failure around him, taking care to get the creases and folds just right.

Ientaculum was good this day. The freeborn girl whom he’d purchased from her denarii strapped, unwed mother knew just the right place to get the good bread. A full, round loaf sat still warm from the baker’s oven on the table, and a small dish of honey awaited the soft bread to be dipped. Some cheese, left over from a dinner several nights before would be a welcome addition. He called out to the cucina where he knew the slaves were standing around gossiping, and one came quickly with a small chunk of the delicious, dry cheese.

The life of being a client for Lucius Asinia Calvus wasn’t as easy as some of the people on the street thought. He heard some of the more boisterous poor chide him while he waited in line outside the Cornelii Domus for salutation, a mix of jealousy and contempt emanating from their emotional voice. Today he arrived late, knowing that the line would be long earlier, and he had to stay after for a bit of business, hopefully.

He stood amongst the throng of clients, patiently fretting while greeting others. Hortensius greeted him warmly, though he knew he had more favor amongst the Cornelii due to his election to the concilium plebis. He had defended him, he had heard, at the baths from some Brutii clients, who had been making light of his defeat in the election. He was a good man, Horensius, and they made a date for their families to share cena after the next market day.

He reflected after a good hour about the longer days of summer than winter–if this had been a winter month, with its short days, and shorter hours, it may have been a full two hours., but being summer it was only an hour. Strange, he thought, that the days should vary in length, and the hours with them. He pondered about whether it were Jupiter or Apollo that decided this, and if Ceres had lobbied them for longer days in the summer for the crops to grow. In any case, he couldn’t decide, and thought that an offering to each of the three was in order over the next few months—maybe he’d ask one of the priests their thoughts on the matter.

Upon reaching his patronus, Lucius remembered the task that his wife wanted from him. Would the twin boys, now eleven, be able to attend the Grammaticus that the Cornelii had built for their clients? He was almost ashamed to ask, given his failure to the Cornelii, but he had served them well, and today would be no different. After touching shoulders with both his patron, Publius Cornelius Merula, and Avitus, his closest equestrian client, Lucius listened to their requests for his service that day, and collected a larger than normal amount of denarii and food from his patonus. His slaves divided the bounty between their baskets, and Lucius tucked the coins into his pouch, mentally calculating his total on hand money.

As he walked along, the deep crimson paint on the outside of his patron’s domus made him envious of the wealth. He thought of all the things his domus lacked, the mosaics, the paint, and a peristylium in the back to enjoy a small garden. It was something to strive for, and maybe one of his sons will make good, live a long life, serve the Cornelii well, and build a peristylium. At the rate Lucius was going, maybe it wasn’t out of the question that he could build it, it had been a good past five years, and, after all, he had been able to move his family into their very own domus.

Two of the slaves took the food home, while his best one waled along behind him. It wouldn’t be long before Alcinous was wearing a phrygian cap, he was steadily making his money for Lucius, and it was almost time to replace him anyway. Freedom would be good for Alcinous, he was smart and attentive, and Lucius thought it would be good to see him raise a family, but the thought of also freeing his wife, whom he’d let Alcinous marry was a little troubling. Still, he’d made Lucius enough money by buying and selling excess fish sauce from the port for Lucius to buy twenty good slaves, so maybe they could both have their freedom as a token of appreciation.

As he approached the warehouse Avitus owned, he remembered that he forgot to ask his patronus about Grammaticus for the twins. Maybe he hadn’t forgotten, but rather was avoiding the question, afraid of what Cornelius Merula would ask of him in return, or worse yet, if he avoided answering his request. His sons learning to read and write earlier than Lucius had would be a great advantage, and the connections with the best of the Cornelii client families would certainly give them the best chance at success. He imagined his sons speaking and writing Greek, opening up the possibilities of greater things, opening up all of the eastern provinces to them, should they chose to serve the Cornelii that way.

The work of the day was to be long, a full six hours it seemed on this day, and Lucius had to get things in order at the warehouse before he purchased the linen for Avitus, and organized the two gangs of his slaves to bring it from the wharf, and stack it in the little space that was available. He would need some more workers than just the twenty slaves, and some hiring for the day would need to be done from the awaiting freemen at the forum. He sent Alcinous out to fetch some–he had a good eye for workers, and knew some of the better freedmen that needed work. One of Avitus’ foremen always protested when Lucius sent Alcinous instead of them, but the rag tag bunch that they’d bring back always stole, and worked at half speed. Lucius hated when they’d do this, and knew they were keeping much of the money instead of using it to get good men.

When Alcinous got back, the slaves gathered the handcarts and followed Lucius down to the port, where Avitus had heard of a ship packed with linen had docked in the night. Lucius scanned the docks and found the ship, a rundown looking thing still full of activity, and a few obvious merchants negotiating with a captain. He’d worried that he’d be late, and the ship would already be unloading its cargo into the carts of some other luckier soul, but it looked like he was the lucky one today.

The captain was a rough sort, and knew how to negotiate, but Lucius was his equal in that regard (his saving grace to the Cornelii), and talked the captain down to three quarters his original asking price for a full half of his cargo of linen. Lucius would keep a good stack of denarii for the effort, and still be able to give back some money to Avitus.

The cargo loaded into the carts, then brought to the warehouse and stacked earlier than expected, allowed Lucius to return home for a light prandium, and a short nap before he sought out Avitus to tell him of his good fortune. Lucius paid the freedmen for their work, and told Alcinous to take note of two that had worked exceptionally hard, and instructed that they give Alcinous their names and where near they lived if they were needed in the future.

His twins greeted him as he slipped through the side entrance–their red hemmed tunics made them look like little senators. It wouldn’t be long before they were in their own togas, and maybe, one day they could have a thin stripe of purple on their tunics, maybe not the thick stripe of a senator, but a stripe is a stripe when it’s the right color stripe, he thought. He ate and then napped in his bed. The mattress having been fluffed by one of the house slaves, he slept soundly until Alcinous awoke him an hour later.

They met Avitus at his domus, and were quickly ushered in by one of the finest slaves Lucius had ever seen. A dark Tunisian with broad shoulders and a fine linen tunic, he looked educated and intimidating. Alcinous was shown to the back rooms by a slave the Tunisian ordered about, and he stayed by the side of Avitus. Lucius was embarrassed that his best slave was shown to the back while this Tunisian was obviously so well regarded as to stand by Avitus. Lucius decided that he wanted an educated slave like Avitus did, no matter if it took all the money Alcinous had made him over the past ten years, enough for twenty decent ones.

He returned a portion of the saved money to Avitus, and was commended for his skill. Avitus passed along the praise of Lucius from the Cornelii, and offered him the management of the warehouse and the purchasing of goods from the port on a full time basis. A good day this was turning out to be, no more need of collecting money from his patronus and taking any task they offered. A client, and now another step to joining the equestrian class, Lucius was certainly on his way. Avitus embraced Lucius, and invited him to the baths with him. An exciting proposition, to be seen with an equestrian such as Avitus at one of the best baths in Rome!

Lucius, in glee, but embarrassed at only having one slave along with him (and one so humble compared to Avitus’ titan Tunisian) , walked into the baths with Avitus, his head spinning. Everywhere he turned, he saw tunics with the thin purple stripe of the equestrians, and slaves so much finer than those at his normal bath. Alcinous too was looking around in wonder, acting more attentive than usual, trying his best to impress the others. Lucius decided then and there to grant Alcinous his freedom just as soon as he bought an educated slave–a month at the wage Avitus will be paying him, two, at most.

He rushed home afterwards, feeling cleaner than after any day at the baths he had ever had, the whole time recalling the splendor with Alcinous, who was just as giddy as Lucius. On the way he splurged on a new bolt of linen for a toga that Alcinous would have his wife tailor just right. He was a little angry at himself that he hadn’t taken one as a freebie from the captain earlier, but even the added cost of the material couldn’t hamper his spirits.

His wife was amazed at the news, the slaves talked excitedly in the back, happy for their kind owner. He looked around the plain walls, and plain, utilitarian furniture but felt no jealousy anymore for the mosaics and paint adorning other, larger domii. His was coming, it could only be a matter of time. The joy made him sleep well after a large cena of eggs, fish and fruit that he sent a slave out to get in celebration. He lay in bed satisfied, even when the bulge in the mattress made his shoulder dig into the wood beneath.

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I mentioned Wilson in a post yesterday…

September 14, 2008

This ties into that a little bit:

With the trenches of Verdun slowly being camouflaged by newly growing grass, and the silence of peace settling into the ears of the men whom had filled those trenches, the world was desperate for what had happened – never to do so again. Pockets, once full of bullets, now started to be filled with money as the economies of the former allied powers lurched forward, benefiting from peace and reopened trade routes.

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Society was exuberant, sensing that war should no longer plague the west, as what had just been fought had decided the eternity of all there was to decide. Utopian concepts of the mid to late nineteenth century had made their way from the musings of philosophers into the highest office in the United States. Woodrow Wilson was an optimist. Visions of the world maintaining peace through diplomacy, strengthened ties through mutually dependant economies, and a powerful world government fed his optimism. Not only could it be done, but his 14 points, a hardy nation defining list, was widely applauded, even if only four points were finally accepted into the Treaty of Versailles.

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The Treaty of Versailles reflected the long history of war that France and Germany had had. The European powers were having wars every few decades, and the futile arrangement needed to be subdued, if not by bayonet, then by paper. ‘Ad victorem spolias’, as Caesar may have mused, seeing the massive debt that Germany was forced to pay to the Allied Powers.  The debt had a two-fold reasoning; a form of tribute, under the guise of reparation, and to disable Germany’s war making capabilities for the next half-century. The optimistic and lenient Wilson capitulated much to France’s Clemenceau, who wanted Germany to feel the weight of their submission. The harsh terms that were finally put forth to Germany, and accepted, kept an ember of war glowing in the broken heart’s of Germans.

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An enduring concept was born during the short peace after The Great War, The League of Nations. President Wilson wanted a way to defuse international disputes before they led to substantial conflicts, and a permanent assembly of diplomats from around the world, with the power of sanctions could make it a reality.

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All of this change, upheaval, and world realignment, gave a new look and feel of the future. The United States was well funded with the massive payments from Europe coming in from the debts they incurred to pay for their victory, and the economy of the U.S. grew at a staggering rate. With the minds of the people heady from wealth, and the certainty of peace guaranteed through treaties, isolationism once again was embraced by the majority. If any conflict were to arise, the League of Nations was there to prevent it from growing, and conflicts could not rise to the level of the Great War due to the military size restrictions placed upon the world powers.

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Both the conservatives and the liberals had reason to believe a new world, more favorable to their views was emerging. Fascism in Germany and Italy was showing a way for enterprise and nationalism to unite countries in a common purpose, while Communism in Russia was forging a utopian path for the common man to dream of an equality never realized before.

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Borders had changed, new politics emerged, men born under flags of Tsars, Emperors, and Kings now voted and debated issues, science was exploding, and all the western world was fooled into thinking that with all the changes, peace was assured. This was, of course, not to be. These treaties and changes were merely a gauze covering a fetid wound, an illusion of treatment, with the results of serious malpractice. International unity in the 1920’s was merely a unity in nationalistic isolationism slowly heating the coming conflict.

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Wall of Separation

September 14, 2008

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…”
First Amendment, U.S. Constitution

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There may be no more controversial document written in the preceding 300 years than the Constitution of the United States. Of the twenty-seven amendments, few are without multiple interpretations and extrapolations to those Americans who worry themselves about such technicalities. Words, such as reasonable and excessive, take on several meanings, each framed in its own argument, meaning to prove one view as justified, and another as incorrect. Even commas are not immune from the debate, as seen in Second Amendment arguments every few years.

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The First Amendment — the amendment that is probably most closely linked with an American’s perception of freedom — guarantees no less than six different rights. The freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom to peaceable assembly, the freedom to lobby the government, the freedom of religious practice, and the freedom from an established religion are all included in the First Amendment. Quite a lot of freedom is packed into that scant forty-five word clause, but like the other amendments it is not without its very own debate as to its actual meanings.

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Although all the elements of the first amendment are worthy of attention, two parts have become hotly contested since the overt emergence of religiously conservative organizations and individuals in the political sphere starting in the 1960s (Wacker, 2000). The freedom of religious practice and the freedom from an establishment of religion have become fodder for constitutional arguments that could very well shape the United States’ political future. The United States could either embrace much the same as it has for the past one hundred years, or we could see prayer in school, religiously oriented teachings of science curriculum, public financing of private religious schools, and legal cases being decided from interpretations of the Bible. These are only some of the examples of agendas seen in the public political dialogue over the past ten years pitting private faiths against an entrenched political balance. It is impetrative that government entanglement with religious organizations is halted before the first amendment’s establishment clause becomes completely overridden.

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The most controversial issue in regards to the “wall of separation” clause of the Constitution, in American politics today, is the government funding of religious organizations. In 1996, a bill for an adjustment in expenditures of the welfare system called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) passed into law including the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. TANF was a substantial departure from the historically available welfare programs of both state and federal levels, including provisions limiting the length of time a recipient may collect assistance monies as well as penalties for recipients not demonstrating participation in work activities for designated weekly amounts. Many, if not most of the changes instituted in the TANF program were needed to reacclimatize assistance reliant families and individuals to a more fulfilling and less governmental resource draining lifestyle. There are however issues within the program that come into immediate conflict with the “wall of separation clause.”

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Funding religious institutions, no matter the good deeds and alleviation of government burden, is strictly forbidden under the First Amendment (Black, 1943). As Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black stated in his 1943 majority opinion in Everson v. Board of Education, “No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called…”, yet TANF does just that.
Although the wording is somewhat benign in TANF, stating that government social program grants and bids are open to sectarian institutions, the reality of this allowance is very troubling for the Forefathers intent. Thomas Jefferson wrote, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists, “…religion is a matter that lies solely between a man and his God…the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions…” This has been used in several Supreme Court decisions as a basis for interpreting the meaning of the Establishment Clause, as it points to the meanings behind a very important sixteen word phrase. TANF allows the federal government to invest in religious institutions in the form of grants and quid pro quo contracts, linking the two entities, and creating an entanglement of State and Church.

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In 1968, the State of Pennsylvania passed the “Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act”, allowing the Superintendent of Public Instruction to outsource educational services to nonpublic schools. The state would reimburse the nonpublic schools for the teachers salaries, textbooks, and other education related expenses that were secular in nature, thereby attempting to bypass Establishment Clause restrictions, and provide public funding to the popular Catholic Schools that more than twenty percent of children in the state went to. In 1969, Rhode Island moved to provide supplementary income to teachers at nonpublic schools, also heavily Catholic Church affiliated, to the amount of fifteen percent. Both of these state level laws became highly contentious, and became cases that reached the Supreme Court. Lemon v. Kurtzman, Earley v. DiCenso, and Robinson, Commissioner of Education of Rhode Island v. DiCenso were heard as one case before the Supreme Court in 1971.

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The plaintiffs argued that by providing funds to religious organizations the states were “establishing religion”, thus going against the Establishment Clause (Burger, 1971), the defendants countered that the funding was purely for secular purposes, therefore the laws did not impinge upon the First Amendment. The Court’s unanimous decision, written by Chief Justice Burger, concurred with the plaintiffs, but also set up a standard to steer clear of government and church entanglement. The decision has been come to be known as the “Lemon Test.”

First, the statute must have a secular legislative purpose; second, its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion… finally, the statute must not foster “an excessive government entanglement with religion.
(Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971)

TANF, by using federal money to fund religious institutions is breaking two of the three steps in the “Lemon Test.” The intent of the program is purely secular, that is, to provide social welfare assistance to needy families and individuals, but by contributing to the institutions overall funding, the federal government is having those institutions benefit from public, rather than private funds. There are many programs funded through TANF that have violated, or seem to violate the Establishment Clause.

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One of these programs, Faith Works, an alcohol and drug rehabilitation program in Milwaukee, received almost $1 million dollars through TANF block grants (Goodstein, 2002). This program intertwined religion and rehabilitation similar to Alcoholics Anonymous, yet more emphasis was placed on religion than in AA. Faith Works was seen to be pervasively sectarian with the intent of indoctrinating or furthering Christian religious belief (Bolton, 2000), as seen in the program’s “Statement of Faith.” This statement was not a short paragraph stating a mere understanding of people’s faith, but a 2300 word Christian “witness” contract which the participants needed to agree with in order to participate (FFRF v. Faith Works, 2002). A lawsuit to that effect was filed in 2000.

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The lawsuit was brought by the Freedom from Religion Foundation (FFRF), an Establishment Clause watchdog group in Wisconsin. Because TANF grants are federal funds distributed at the state level, the group filed against the state level employees and the governor of the state, as they were responsible for appropriation and oversight of the program. The plaintiffs filed a seventy-seven point legal brief to the Western District of Wisconsin United States District Court, outlining a plethora of Establishment Clause violations (Lemon v. Kurtzman, 2000). Although the program was voluntary, it was seen by Judge Barbara B. Crabb to be in violation of the Establishment Clause, and funding was ordered stopped (FFRF v. Faith Works, 2002).

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On June 1, 2004, President George W. Bush signed an executive order seeking to identify and remove “…regulations, rules, orders, procurement, and other internal policies and practices…” that “…discourage or disadvantage…” faith based organizations in federal funding (Bush, 2004). This seems to directly contradict James Madison’s beliefs outlined in his veto of ‘An act for the relief of Richard Tervin, William Coleman, Edwin Lewis, Samuel Mims, Joseph Wilson, and the Baptist Church at Salem Meeting House, in the Mississippi Territory.’ Madison, the principle author of the U.S. Constitution and fourth President of the United States, stated that a mere reservation of a parcel of land to a Baptist church “…compromises a principle and precedent for the appropriation of funds of the United States for the use and support of religious societies, contrary to the article of the Constitution which declares ‘Congress shall make no law respecting a religious establishment.’” (Madison, 1811)

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In a December 12, 2002 executive order, outlining an endorsement of opening government funding to religious institutions, President Bush stated “…organizations that engage in inherently religious activities, such as worship, religious instruction, and proselytization, must offer those services separately in time or location from any programs or services supported with direct Federal financial assistance…” Yet, as seen before in the Supreme Court decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman, funding of religious institutions, even if only funding the secular parts of the program, such as in the Pennsylvania portion of the case, is contrary to the Establishment Clause (Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971).

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On Jefferson’s tombstone, he directed that he wanted to be remembered for three things, author of the Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, and the Father of the University of Virginia. He chose not to be remembered as President of the United States, holding the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom in higher regard. His statute passed the Virginia Legislature in 1786, and was instrumental in the drafting of the First Amendment. In it, he writes “…no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever…”, but what is the usage of public monies collected through the leverage of taxes but a compelled support of religion?
Proponents of this integration of government and religion are quick to point out that  the forefathers were good Christians, and that their intent was to found a Christian nation. As there is no evidence that this was the intent, other than an inclusion of a couple of phrases and words used to further understanding of where man’s natural rights to freedom originated from, it seems disingenuous at best to make such a large and profound assumption.

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It is also pointed out that Jefferson’s letter to the Danbury Baptists (1802) involves the phrase “wall of separation”, is a possible homage to Rev. Roger Williams’ phrase “…hedge of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world.” Because of the similarity, religious conservatives argue that Jefferson meant that religion was to be protected from government, and not vice versa. If Jefferson had truly meant this, it would seem that one of the drafts of this letter stored in the Library of Congress would reflect this view, unfortunately, the earlier drafts seem to be more fervent in calling for an “eternal wall of separation…” rather than just a “wall” (Jefferson, 1802).

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This current wave of government involvement in religious institutional funding, whatever the secular ends of the programs, is creating an excessive entanglement of Church and State. So called “Faith Based Initiatives” contradict the many Supreme Court decisions on the subject, as Jefferson called it, “the wall of separation.” It has been made clear in intent, as seen in Madison and Jefferson’s writings and the Justice’s decisions, that the government and religion should make every attempt to disentangle themselves. Originally, this may have been to protect religion from government, as seen in the original charters of the colonies, but through the evolution of laws and practices leading up to the passing of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution, another view took hold. Religious endorsement or establishment is harmful to the right of citizens to freely exercise their own beliefs, as seen in every non secular government.

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Bolton, Richard L. COMPLAINT TO THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN. BOARDMAN, SUHR, CURRY & FIELD, LLP. Madison: FFRF, 2000. <http://ffrf.org/legal/faithbased_complaint.html>.
Bush, George W. “Executive Order: Equal Protection of the Laws for Faith-Based and Community Organizations.” The White House. 12 Dec. 2002. President of the United States. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/12/20021212-6.html>.
Bush, George W. “Executive Order: Responsibilities of the Department of Commerce and Veterans Affairs and the Small Business Administration with Respect to Faith-Based and Community Initiatives.” The White House. 1 June 2004. President of the United States. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/06/20040601-1.html>.
EVERSON V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF EWING. No. 330. U.S. Supreme Court. 10 Feb. 1947. <http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=330&invol=1>.
FREEDOM FROM RELIGION, INC. V. FAITH WORKS, MILWAUKEE, INC. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT. 7 Jan. 2002. <http://ffrf.org/legal/faithworks_decision.html>.
Goodstein, Laurie. “Judge in Wisconsin Voids A Religion-Based Initiative. ” New York Times (1857-Current file)  [New York, N.Y.] 10  Jan. 2002,A22. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 – 2003). ProQuest. <http://www.proquest.com/>
Jefferson, Thomas. Letter to Danbury Baptists. 1 Jan. 1802. Letter to the Danbury Baptists. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Kasich, John R. United States. Cong. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. 104 Cong., 2 sess. 3734. <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c104:H.R.3734:>.
LEMON V. KURTZMAN. No. 89. U.S. Supreme Court. 28 June 1971. <http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=403&page=602>.
Madison, James. Letter to House of Representatives of the United States. 21 Feb. 1811. Veto Message From President James Madison, Thursday, February 21, 1811. Library of Congress, Washington.
Shaw, Jr., E. Clay. United States. Cong. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. 104 Cong., 2 sess. HR 3734. <http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=104_cong_bills&docid=f:h3734enr.txt.pdf>.
Wacker, Grant. “The Christian Right.” National Humanities Center. Oct. 2000. Duke University Divinity School. <http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/chr_rght.htm>.

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Thinking about Russia’s push into Berlin.

September 14, 2008

With a population of four million people, Berlin rivaled the great cities of the world, a massive urban sprawl built up within only a few  hundred years. A rare city for Europe, Berlin hadn’t existed before the 13th century, when it sprang to life as a small trading post along the banks of the river Spree. It took over 300 years (1380-1700) for the population to climb from 8,000 to 50,000, a rate of increase that pales in comparison with the next 200 years. By 1920, Berlin’s population had grown to four million people. Four million people in an inflationary crisis; four million people struggling to survive; four million people frightened of the constant upheaval that an unstable government brings.

The German people, and those inhabitants of Berlin made a choice in loyalties that was shameful, one that cost millions of people their lives. They made their choice with hesitation, but embraced it with fervor soon there after. Whether one can lay blame on the German people for that choice is arguable, and has been argued time and time again for the past 60 years. On one hand, they saw the edicts and decrees being sent out by the clammy skinned chancellor, the one with a speaking style of an amphetamine injected, obsessive compulsive hate monger. On the other, they had bread and milk and an economy that had miraculously recovered from a decade of devastation. They had seven million reasons to reject their leadership outside their doors, but a few dozen reasons to pledge loyalty in their pantries.

The Russians were twenty years into an idealistic cultural revolution that had shaken free the shackles of serfdom, and embarked upon a utopian quest. On paper, serfdom had been eliminated in the 1860’s, but in practice, like slavery in the United States, it carried on for generations longer. Over twenty three million Russians had been serfs, forced to work for the land owners like they had since the dark ages. The children of these former serfs, and their children as well, still toiled in the fields to pay the rent on their pittance of land, to nobility that held the deeds.

Revolution had wiped these families’ histories clean, no longer were they obligated to at leisure noblemen, and their noblemen’s whip. The air must have felt lighter, being drawn in to start a new era, and millions upon millions of men and women truly believed that Marx and Engels had written a future of freedom and plenitude, if only they followed a few turbulent steps.

The revolution was wearing a bit thin in the late thirties, Lenin was dead, Trotsky had been a hero, then a villain and traitor, then erased from pictures, books, and even lips. That long ago October felt every bit the 20 some odd years separated from their present day, and to many, it must have seemed lifetimes longer. Entire populations had been moved around as if Stalin was a giant, playing a game of chess, and the people were mere pieces to sacrifice, trap, and block his enemies.

By this time, an entire generation had grown up under the autocratic power of the revolutionary government. Men of twenty three had known nothing other than the education the government had provided, nothing but the propaganda put forth to be consumed by the future soldiers who would fight through the streets of Berlin. Maybe mother Russia was a more palatable concept than Stalin’s iron rule, but millions of Russian men and woman would be fighting to protect something as the Reichstag came into view.

Two massive populations, both recently set free from heartache and misery, both looking towards a future that was glorious to behold, were gripped in a bloody struggle for survival. One saw gold plated domes and an empire to last a thousand years, the other a utopia of equality and sustenance, but both needed to contend with the blood before their eyes in the present moments.

The fool hearty concept of lebensraum, and a decade of propaganda fueled atrocities against Slavs as Hitler’s death squads followed the German push, deep into Russia. Villages burnt to the ground, murdered bodies of simple farmers found piled in the ashes of churches, and prisoners of war lined up and shot are the stuff of nightmares, yet the Russian soldiers saw all of this on their way to the German border. Their hatred, if not already provoked from words in the party papers, now grew to murderous levels. Vengeance was on the mind of every Russian soldier.

The German population was frightened as the Russian army came closer to their capital each day. The reports of reprisals must have been terrifying for all those sitting in their homes, waiting day after day for the inevitable to come. The coming months must have looked like a baroque painting of damnation in the mind of a civilian, unmerciful torture and retribution set in a flaming hell of their former glorious city.

On April 19th, 1945, General Georgy Zhukov and his 1st Belorussian front, General Rokossovsky’s 2nd Belorussian front, and General Konev’s 1st Ukrainian front had finally taken the Seelow Heights and the surrounding area, the last defensive lines before Berlin. An army of 100,000 patchwork German troops had been crushed over 4 horrific days of pitched battle, only able to hold out that long due to the determination and brilliance of General Heinrici. Most of the German troops were able to escape, probably permanently affected by the sound of the pounding artillery barrages, and the horrifying whistling bellow of the Katyusha rockets. Although the German casualties were high, around 12,000 men, Zhukov estimated the Russians suffered somewhere in the range of 30,000 dead in those four days alone.

Only 50 miles from the end of the war, the Russian forces were massed for an all out attack, two and a half million troops poised to take Berlin. All the hate and animosity between the Russians and the Germans was being vented with bullets and panzershreks, where each other’s faces did not give one a sense of common humanity, but imminent peril. Stalin had been frustrated with the slow progress of the Seelow Heights push, and intended for a quicker resolution for the war. To this end, Stalin took advantage of the competitive natures inherent in every general officer. The competitiveness of a general is like that of a professional athlete, the trait that drives one to power is also one that creates struggles, constantly monitoring their performance in comparison with those in their own league – in this case generals eyeing generals, seeing who is best fit for the task.

There had been a definitive border between each general’s forces, necessary to maintain order in a quickly advancing march. Zhukov, the hero general of Stalingrad, who had turned the tables on the Germans there, and Konev, a brilliant commander who had been instrumental in the victory at Kursk, and liberated the Ukraine, were pitted against each other by Stalin’s decision to dissolve the border between their armies, implying that to the one that conquers Berlin, goes the glory and spoils. This politically astute maneuver by Stalin accelerated the passions of the Generals to make themselves in a better position for victory, unfortunately for the Russian soldiers, however, it may have put glory before their own precious lives.

April 20th, 1945 was Hitler’s 56th birthday, a day that Zhukov celebrated by opening fire with an artillery assault on Berlin that would last until Berlin’s capitulation. The Russians claim that this bombardment totaled more total munitions weight than all of the Allied bombs on Berlin throughout the entire war. Considering that approximately 50,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Berlin during World War Two, the thought of more than 100,000,000 pounds of artillery shells raining down upon the city in thirteen days time is gut wrenching, staggering, and quite simply, unfathomable.

While Konev and Zhukov were poised to take Berlin, Rokossovsky and the 2nd Belorussian Front pushed through the north of Germany, eventually reaching Bernard Montgomery’s forces, and thus linking the Allied armies. This left only the two generals and their armies to capture Berlin.

The Germans were ill prepared to defend the city from surrender, but they took measures to cause as much damage to the Russian army as possible. The remaining German army forces in Berlin amounted to approximately 45,000 men from mixed units. General Weilding, the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, had patched together elements of the Waffen SS, Wehrmacht, and supplemented those forces with the 40,000 man Volksstrum, the older men whom had served in World War One, and Hitler Youth. Those men and boys unwilling to take part in the cities defense were summarily executed if caught by roving bands of enforcers, soldiers of the lowest form. The Germans were so desperate for defensive forces, that at the Pichelsdorf bridges, a key route that needed to be open for General Wenck’s now imaginary relief army (thought to exist by Hitler, but, in fact, already crushed) to enter Berlin from the south, was defended by 5,000 children in men’s uniforms. Forty five hundred of these boys became casualties over five days of fighting.

The German defenders set up choke points throughout the city, men and boys armed with panzershreks hid out in cellars of buildings, while machine gunners and snipers held the upper floors, ready to decimate the Russian attack. These tactics worked well at first, yet the over powering Russian force quickly found a way to counter the Germans measures.

Russian tanks, no matter how well made, or how effective used in the field, are a poor tool for urban warfare. The slow, heavily armored tanks became the focus of fire, over the entire battle for Berlin, the Russians lost 2,000 tanks – 500 more than they lost in the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle in history. To counter the German tactics, the Russians became ruthless in their advancement, spraying the upper floors of each building with submachine gun fire, and pounding the upper reaches, untargetable by the tanks low elevation barrel, with anti-aircraft guns.

Also used was the over/under assaulting technique by the infantry. Infantry units would advance by rooftop and cellars, creating vertical pincher movements through the multi-story buildings. One group would enter the building through the roof, while another would enter through the cellar, trapping the defenders in the middle floors, and taking the advantage of height away from them. The push through the cellars would have been most difficult, punching hole after hole through cellar walls to advance one heavily defended building at a time. Dropping through roofs must have been less difficult, yet all the more frightening, high above street level, jumping from roof to roof, all the while clearing machine gun nests and snipers that are prepared from hearing the heavily laden foot stomps above head.

The defense of the city was futile, yet the fear the Germans must have felt would be all encompassing, knowing that the Russians wanted revenge, and would not accept an easy surrender. The German civilians paid the heaviest price, accounting for the majority of the 450,000 German casualties in Berlin, many caught in the cross fire, and many more still probably crushed by the artillery’s unrelenting barrage.

The Russians accepted Berlin’s surrender on May 2, 1945, 13 days since the start of the battle for Berlin. During the fighting for the Seelow Heights, and the eventual capture of the city, the Russians paid dearly, fighting broken German units, old men, and brainwashed children, they suffered 360,000 casualties, including some 81,000 dead.

A brutal way to finish the war, the Battle of Berlin wasn’t the last of the fighting, but it saw the end of  Hitler’s disgusting rule and life, and gave the Germans no other reason to hang onto their fanatical defense. It took the lives of too many people, not only from a tactical view, where the causalities were higher than they should have been due to accelerated schedules, but just in terms of reason, when where civilians should be spared the punishment for their leadership’s atrocities. The hurt in Berlin didn’t end on May 2nd, the Russians vented their frustration and anger on the remaining civilian population, over the next several weeks, it’s estimated that 100,000 women, who lived through 50,000 tons of bombs falling on the city, more than that weight in artillery shells over the two weeks prior, were raped. Whether soldier or civilian, the shock and sadness from a battle this vicious and bloody can not have possibly have been healed within the lifetime of those who lived through it.

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A trip to Mexico.

September 14, 2008

It was dry dirt. Maybe it was silt. The smell didn’t ring true in my mind. Anytime dirt had been awkwardly up my nose, it had been moist. More than moist, it had always been pungent and fertile. Dirt, which if left alone, could have spewed forth all sorts of life. The dry silt was void of that sense. It was more like a collection of decades of dust, from all the worlds’ tabletops, dumped at the spot where I laid. The fine, loose particles were dancing with every breath, the little vortices of air whipping them around, sending them clinging to every fine hair on my face and deep into my nose. The dirt made it itch, but I didn’t dare try to touch it. A small circle of cool, that unmistakable sensation of steel, sapped the heat from the back of my neck, and convinced me that it may not have been the perfect time.

The Sun had risen for us over Tempe, as it had over dozens of different places, down the east coast then west, over the past few months. Thousands of miles of whirring asphalt had swept under the creaky Jeep, which, for all its high mileage and mysterious noises, hadn’t given us reason to question its loyalty. It had been treated well, and it returned the favor.

We hadn’t seen Seamus since the summer before and were anxious to see him before his graduation from A.S.U. that spring. We were all friends, good friends, through the last couple of years of high school. We’d shared more than enough Jeagermeister and Keystone Light to blabber secrets to one another that we all trusted would never spill into anyone else’s ears. Time was always well spent together, whether it were howling laughter or sedated silence.

We arrived a couple days before A.S.U. released its fifty thousand party hungry students in every direction for spring break. Everywhere, we could see excitement creeping into the eyes and conversations of the youthful masses strewn about under the sun shielding umbrellas and canopies that each of the scores of cafes and bars that peppered the main drag, used to attract the free spending students. Seamus was no different, he knew just where to go, and by the hurried and expressive way he described our target, we assumed the same glee that rose from the campus like a titter tatter filled fog of expectant surprise.

After a couple nights exuberant release in, around, and out of countless bars and after parties, we set out south, cutting a path under the arc of the oppressive desert sun. Although our car trip was going to be short, relative to some days’ drives the previous couple of months, we took turns driving. Seamus insisted on his turn first, visibly excited to be behind the wheel of the country-crossing beast of a Jeep. Clint took us over the Mexican border, leaving me with the final leg.

I guided us over the thin, slowly undulating, sun bleached ribbon of tar, that somehow Mexico had classified as a national highway. Occasionally, a weathered stucco structure, surely worthy of a bright yellow ‘condemned’ notice, with its faded ‘Coca-Cola’ or beer sign, would pass by the open windows of the Jeep, giving a hint of desperation, rather than capitalist intent.

After mile upon mile of an arid, desolate moonscape, life crept back into sight. Ever more small homes and low buildings passed us by. People milled about slowly in the harsh, dry heat. I could see children running and flailing about, playing games of soccer with well-worn balls, not inflated enough to bounce, only to roll. The so-called highway eased into a main road, not unlike one might find in a small city in the poor, deep south, lacking the pretense of frivolity, yet providing all the basics of life. Small groups of men sat in seeming silence, casually smoking, looking more interested in us than anything else. We had arrived in Puerto Penasco, the name was romantic, but the sight left the words hollow.

Seamus unjumbled a piece of notepaper, and directed us surprisingly quickly to a well-worn back street where our motel sat in the shadow of an imposing brick warehouse. We piled out of the Jeep, into the office, handing over our shares of the fifty dollars for the full week’s fee. We took our time unloading our bags, stopping to stretch and stand after the six-hour drive.

The sun was setting, and the thought of getting to a night club that overlooked the Gulf of California, overtook our idleness. We hurriedly changed, not ignoring the expected bunches of college girls we hoped to see. Driving was debated, but we knew we’d be in no shape to aim the truck back to the motel later that night, so we chose to walk. It was better that way, besides, Seamus had been there before and knew a shortcut.

It was dark, except the dull glow from the windows of the dull concrete homes. The dirt street tilted downward toward the ocean, a clue that Seamus hadn’t gotten us lost. We sauntered along, not wanting to get sweaty before getting to the club, joking and filled with excited hope of careless debauchery. A crossroads appeared, both streets heading slightly downhill. We paused to choose which seemed like the better one. Beside us, at one corner, a group of trees stood on a vacant lot. They were scraggly, but the only ones I had seen all day. We made our decision, and started on our way, oblivious to what had crept behind us.

“Down!” An unexpected voice cried out.

We turned toward it. Four tee shirt clad Mexicans stared back, the glint of metal in each of their hands. Our arms shot up automatically. We didn’t get down. We stood there, paralyzed with sudden fear. Two raised their pistols, the others their knives. They came toward us silently, muscles taut with nerves. A tense, wordless conversation of instincts ensued as they dug frantically into our pockets, mining out all our possessions. Two took hold of my shoulders and tossed me to the ground. My arms stayed straight as my chest pounded into the ground. The dirt, silt really, clung to my skin. I could feel one of them kneeling on my back, the sharp point of his knife pinching my ribs. The cold barrel of a gun pushed against the back of my neck, shaking as he unstrapped my watch.

It seemed like a second, or maybe an hour. The blur of time stopped as I was left, then untouched, on the dusty ground. We gathered our wits, taking in the image of the young men running  into the only patch of woods we’d seen all day, finally looking at each other in stunned silence. We let our feet pound beneath us, sweat gathering along our brows, until we came to the neon illuminated night club. A blood stain grew from my ribs, not big enough to cause alarm, but enough to remind me what had just occurred was real. I had had a gun to the back of my head, a knife readying to enter my lungs. More than six hundred dollars, and a good watch, were probably being argued over as I stood with a dusty, blood-stained shirt, outside a club. It was a strange feeling, forgiving people so soon. They had so little, yet the world was just as big for them as it was for us. My money and things were just that, there was no indignity done to me. I was part of a great adventure, one that had taken me to places and events that not many get to see. They hadn’t taken that, they had, surprisingly, given me more than I could’ve hoped.

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Possibly misguided thoughts on the Universe.

September 14, 2008

On a clear summer night, far from the obtrusive nighttime glow of cities’ sleepless lights, I sometimes wander out into the long grass of my open fields. I lie on my back, staring upward into the shimmering black sky in awe over the size of the Universe. I see so much with merely my eyes, from a pinprick of light slowly adjusting from white to blue to red to green, to a large sharp colored body of a planet.

Man has learned a staggering amount about these floating balls of mass over the past few hundred years, but what is this collection of stars and planets, asteroids and comets, galaxies and black holes part of? This Universe, impossibly enormous, gives us reason to stop and ponder how far it goes on.

Humanity has given the Universe’s size great thought, from Lucretius in ancient Rome, to Einstein in modern Austria and New Jersey. Poets and philosophers used to rule the arguments, being the men of knowledge and thought. Now theoretical physicists have the sway, using not equations of reason to form their opinion, but equations of quantum mathematics.

Speculations of ancient poets and philosophers, however limited in their scientific knowledge, are a good measurement of the laypersons’ perspective. They knew nothing of particle accelerators, massive orbiting telescopes, or spacecraft hurtling through deep void of space collecting stardust. They knew only what they saw, and could only speculate, like us, about the size of everything.

Lucretius, the ancient poet and philosopher, wrote an entire collection of books on the subject of atomic and astrophysics. A devotee of Epicurus and Democritus, the philosophers who first suggested atoms exist, Lucretius sought to prove the Universe as infinite. His work The Nature of the Universe, written in 55 B.C., to this day is thought of as a great feat of philosophy, no matter its obvious lack of credible science. He argues the Universe has to be infinite because of Epicurus’ view that the natural order of matter was to fall straight downward. One of Lucretius’ arguments from his monumental work is as follows:

If all the space in the Universe were shut in and confined on every side by definite boundaries, the supply of matter would already have accumulated by its own weight at the bottom, and nothing could happen under the dome of the sky — indeed, there would be no sky and no sunlight, since all the available matter would have settled down and would be lying in a heap for all eternity. As it is, no rest is given to the atoms, because there is no bottom where they can accumulate and take up their abode.
One can clearly see the faults in Lecretius’ argument, the notion of gravity as a force, not only near bodies of mass, but also everywhere, and in one direction. That was the world that they knew, the surface of the earth.

Today, we know so much more. Logical arguments of everything falling to the bottom of the Universe not only do not hold weight, but make us chuckle at the simplicity of thought surrounding the ancient world. However, it has taken countless people and arguments to come to view Lucretius as anything other than the holder of truth. It has been through hard science that we have come to the accepted opinion of the Universe as finite.

Einstein, whom many believe to be the greatest physicist of all-time, argued that the Universe was finite. He concluded the Universe was a spherical shape expanding outward from some point. There is two parts to Einstein’s conclusion. The first part is Mach’s principle, a mass of a body is finite, and that is determined by all the other mass in the Universe, therefore, the mass in the Universe is finite. In such a simplistic form, Mach sounds much like a philosopher, merely toying with logic arguments and supposition, yet this position led Einstein to create the General Theory of Relativity, the next part of his finite Universe conclusion.

The General Theory of Relativity suggests that space is warped by masses within it. Objects, bodies of mass, accelerate relative to one another, which is reminiscent of Mach’s beliefs of mass effecting other mass in the Universe. Space that is warping from bodies of mass, must eventually wrap around all mass, which was a finite amount. Einstein was forced to decide, through rigorous study of his own theory, the Universe had to be finite to satisfy relativity because of the curvature of space. This does not mean that finite space is bounded. Einstein and others since have argued the Universe need not be bound to normal confines to allow a finite Universe, strangely enough.

The thought of the Universe, spherical in shape, with no bounds, is a headache waiting to happen. The idea that everything, the sum of every bit of mass, every atom, every particle being both finite and having no boundary is tricky thinking. A way of thinking that must shed the normalcy of Lecretius’ world, and venture into the abstract.

Imagine the Universe as a giant kickball, one of those red textured bouncy balls that give infinite fun on the world’s playgrounds. The ball is finite. It has a beginning, and an end. Now picture yourself inside the ball, jetting across the air inside, from one side to another. The normal notion would be that once you reach the skin of the ball, the boundary that holds all that air in, you would need to turn around to continue. Match that up against Einstein’s theory of curved space. The two ideas are incompatible. To resolve this conundrum, allow yourself to pass through the rubber that entraps the air within the ball, but instead of continuing out into the playground, imagine that you come into the ball on the other side. This is the simple resolution to the problem. Other solutions may make more sense.

Take Einstein’s idea of curved space, by flying around his idea of space, you would never reach the edge, you would follow the curvature of space, much like someone going around the earth. You would eventually pass the same point from which you started, and possibly, every other point of space. For this idea, picture a torus, much like a doughnut. You could both follow a path for an infinite period of time, yet still be within a finite space. Dr. Max Tegmark, of the University of Pennsylvania, has suggested such a shape. We do not fear sailing off the edge of the earth any more than we fear being eaten by a dinosaur. Both ideas are extinct.

A recent study by NASA scientists, with French cosmologists, has given credence to the finite Universe. A spacecraft with a large microwave antenna has found hints at the cosmic radiation emitted from Alexander Friedmann’s theory of ‘The Big Bang’, the theory the Universe was created by the sudden expansion of extremely dense material. By studying the emissions, the team has found that the shape of the Universe may be close to spherical, as Einstein had predicted, with some alterations. The datum suggests at a dodecahedron, a twelve-sided shape, very close to a sphere.

The Universe may be enormous, it may be larger than a simple human mind can grasp in totality, but it can be limited in size. From Lucretius to Einstein, humanity has looked up into the sky and pondered the ends of it. From the great minds we have traveled from infinity to the finite, from spheres to dodecahedrons, yet we have not found a bounded Universe, we have found infinity within the finite. With more wonder than ever, I will look up into the shimmering night sky, and ponder the vast finite Universe.